tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20383098119584583162024-03-05T05:35:26.313-08:00Hilleman LaboratoriesHilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.comBlogger61125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-89553728698915466372018-01-11T22:09:00.002-08:002018-01-11T22:11:59.258-08:00Unlocking the true potential of Vaccines by Heat Stabilization<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<p>Contributing to the high child mortality rates, rotavirus causes 0.12 million child deaths in India every year<sup>1</sup>. In most of the developing countries rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhea, which causes these untimely deaths<sup>2</sup>. </p>
<p>These numbers are startling even more because diarrhea is a preventable disease, and these deaths are a result of the lack of accessibility of vaccination required for the treatment for these diseases. This problem is most prevalent in India and other developing nations like Bangladesh and few African countries. </p>
<p>Hilleman Laboratories is a joint-venture between Merck Sharp Dohme (MSD) and Wellcome Trust. Their mission is to make the vaccines which are affordable and of high impact to the people of developing countries with an innovative technology like heat stable vaccine for Rotavirus. </p>
<p>Since its inception, Hilleman Laboratories is focused on making affordable vaccines using innovation to address gaps that exist in low resource settings. It invests majority of its resources in the research and clinical assessment of vaccines against strains of diseases prevalent in the developing world bearing 90% of Global Burden of Disease. </p>
<p>Two-third of the children do not receive their vaccinations on time, this exposes children to this deadly disease<sup>3</sup>. Global organization like GAVI and PATH are working towards efforts of making Rotavirus vaccine more readily available in the developing countries. Hilleman Laboratories has also reinforced the Global efforts to address this problem. Hilleman Laboratories conducted the study in partnership with the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh icddr,b. icddr,b works towards solving key public health problems, through innovative and scientific research, as stated in their mission. The results of the clinical trials were presented at the Vaccines for Enteric Disease Conference 2017, held in Albufeira, Portugal. </p>
<p>Sharing results of the study, Dr K. Zaman, Senior Scientist and Epidemiologist at icddr,b said, “Safety data have demonstrated that administration of HSRV, when compared with placebo, did not result in an increased reporting of solicited AEs in the adult cohort. In infants when administered as 3-dose primary series, HSRV had a safety profile similar to RotaTeq in terms of frequency, severity, and causality of solicited adverse effect. Immunogenicity assessment was found to be comparable between the HSRV and RotaTeq in infants. The percentage of infants exhibiting a 3-fold rise in serum anti-rotavirus IgA at 1-month post-dose 3 administration from baseline in HSRV group was 88%. The percentage of infants who had a similar increase in the RotaTeq group was 84%. In addition, HSRV elicited comparable Geometric Mean Titre relative to RotaTeq, 1 month after completion of 3-dose vaccination schedule. Based on the encouraging results obtained in this study, HSRV will be further evaluated in immunogenicity and safety studies in infants. </p>
<p>Hilleman Laboratories HSRV aims at simplifying the accessibility and affordability of the vaccine in the less fortunate countries, to help them in their battle against diarrhea. </p>
<p>Dr Davinder Gill, CEO, Hilleman Laboratories also presented his views on the same as he said, “Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea and related deaths in children less than five years worldwide. First-generation Rotavirus vaccines possess thermostability profiles that may not need storage requirements in developing countries, highlighting need for heat stable vaccines. Considering the urgent need for effective and affordable Rotavirus vaccine, we would like to accelerate the development of our simplified, easy-to-use, heat-stable vaccine”. </p>
<p>The introduction of this heat-stable vaccine for Rotavirus will have a potential to change mortality, morbidity but increasing its access to geographies where it is most required. </p>
<ol>
<li><a href=" http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/07/11/13-children-die-of-diarrhoea-every-hour-in-india-health-ministr_a_21430279/"> http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/07/11/13-children-die-of-diarrhoea-every-hour-in-india-health-ministr_a_21430279/ </a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/10/12-101873/en/"> http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/10/12-101873/en/</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/23958-most-kids-in-india-lack-timely-vaccinations"> http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/23958-most-kids-in-india-lack-timely-vaccinations</a> </li>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-74631763474712864622017-11-27T05:16:00.000-08:002017-11-27T05:20:55.721-08:00Vaccination: A Dot for One and Cure for Two<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<p>The concept of vicarious learning is well known in the field of psychology. It suggests that a person can learn or unlearn a behavior just by observing the outcomes of that behavior, from someone else. That sets a good ground for the concern that would be discussed here today. We will discuss how vaccinating your child - especially when you have access to it can play a role in protecting those who do not have accessibility to these life-saving vaccines. Vaccination is a basic medical amenity, but is still a privilege for many in emerging economies. </p>
<p>Vaccination has shown a significant amount of reduction in many life-threatening diseases in the past few years. It is a way of making the body immune to diseases, by injecting weakened antigens (germs) of a disease such as measles or smallpox into the body. To its reaction, the body produces antibodies (protein) to fight these germs. It is a way of preparing the body to provide immunity from a disease. Moreover, vaccination is seen not only as a way of curing a disease for the one who gets vaccinated, but also for others around you, who unfortunately cannot afford this treatment with the help of Herd Immunity. </p>
<p>WHO published a report based on the Global Health Observatory (GHO) data in the year 2016, which stated that 5.6 million children died under the age of 5. The same sources have also reported that diarrhea is one of the most significant causes of death, along with other diseases such as malaria, measles and a few others<sup>1,2</sup>. </p>
<p>In a report by Global Disease Burden, 2016, it was revealed that India alone registered deaths of 0.9 million children under the age of 5. What is more shocking is that it is the highest number globally, even more than the countries ranking below India in poverty rates<sup>3</sup>. </p>
<p>When a child is vaccinated, it eliminates both the risk of the disease as well as its spread. However, these vaccines are not accessible to a large part of the population, especially in developing countries like India, due to costs and maintenance factors. As a result, parents who have accessibility to these vaccines are advised to get their children vaccinated, as it cuts down on the spread rate of these diseases. </p>
<p>Making this happen does not seem like a distant dream now, with some organizations already working towards it. One such initiative, in this direction, is taken by an India based organization, Hilleman Laboratories. Hilleman has adopted innovative technological modes to create vaccines at much lower prices, with the technique of novel packaging. This way, the cost reduction in manufacturing will also affect the accessibility cost. </p>
<ol>
<li><a href=" http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/mortality_under_five_text/en/"> http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/mortality_under_five_text/en/ </a> </li>
<li><a href=" http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/causes/en/"> http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/causes/en/</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/under-five-mortality-rate-highest-in-india-report-lancet-uttar-pradesh-kerala-4845938/"> http://indianexpress.com/article/india/under-five-mortality-rate-highest-in-india-report-lancet-uttar-pradesh-kerala-4845938/</a> </li>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-31632709956156837232017-11-27T05:05:00.003-08:002017-12-13T23:29:10.050-08:00How Recent Innovation in Vaccination will ‘Help Combat Cholera in Present & Future Times’<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<p>During the mid of 19th century, in the Ganges Delta, a pandemic broke out in Jessore area of India, due to contaminated rice. This disease was quick to spread to the modern-day Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Fast forward to present times - we all know the disease as cholera ,as it was caused due to a bacterium named, Vibrio Cholerae<sup>1</sup>. </p>
<p>By the year 1820, cholera had already spread in countries like Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines, killing 0.1 million people in Java alone<sup>2</sup>. Thereafter, Cholera has been a regular cause of death among children worldwide. Though cholera is still a global threat, it majorly affects developing nations where proper sanitation and access to safe drinking water remain a distant dream<sup>3</sup>. India is also among those countries which are struggling to eliminate this disease to lower its mortality rates. </p>
<p>Every year at least 525,000 children under the age of 5 die due to diarrhea, out of a total 1.7 billion diagnosed cases across the globe.Lack of access to treatment is the root cause of these deaths. To deal with this situation, it is important that accessibility for proper vaccination is provided to sufferers of this disease, especially in underdeveloped countries, where the disease affects the most. </p>
<p>This concept of affordable and easy to access vaccine seems to have well understood by a rather new organization - Hilleman Laboratories, a joint venture partnership between Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) and Wellcome Trust. </p>
<p>Hilleman started with a mission to provide affordable vaccines to the world for life-threatening diseases. On 12th October 2017, Hilleman Laboratories announced the results of Phase I/II clinical trial of their novel Oral Cholera Vaccine Hillchol<sup>TM</sup>, at the Vaccines for Enteric Diseases Conference 2017, held in Albufeira, Portugal. </p>
<p>The clinical study was conducted in partnership with icddr, b(International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh) </p>
<p>Dr. Ajit Pal Singh, Vice President, Clinical R&D, Hilleman Laboratories, summarized the results of the study, saying that, Hillchol<sup>TM</sup> proved to be safe and tolerable when studied on the 840 subjects, including adults and adolescents. The Hikojima strain in the vaccine expresses both the Ogawa and Inaba serotypes. He said that the results of the study were encouraging enough for them to continue the development of the cholera vaccine. </p>
<p>The current situation where, demand for the vaccine exceeds its supply rate, this project by Hilleman will prove to be a boon in the cholera treatment. </p>
<p>Dr. Davinder Gill, CEO, Hilleman Laboratories, also reciprocated the same thoughts - "There is an urgent need for effective and affordable cholera vaccine for use in both the cholera outbreaks as well as mass vaccination campaigns, also recommended by WHO”. </p>
<p>The development of this affordable vaccine by Hilleman Laboratories will prove to be beneficial for the developing countries in their fight against cholera, causing millions of deaths every year. </p>
<p>This move by Hilleman Laboratories also aims at contributing in the initiative announced by WHO to reduce cholera by 90%, by the year 2030, as stated by Dr. Davinder Gill. WHO Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC)is offering an effective platform to all multi-sector technical partners, to help the countries in their fight against cholera. </p>
<p>GTFCC brings together government andnon-governmental organization which work together to develop training, materials and technical guidelinesfor cholera control. </p>
<ol>
<li><a href=" http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/"> http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/</a> </li>
<li><a href=" http://www.history.com/topics/history-of-cholera"> http://www.history.com/topics/history-of-cholera</a> </li>
<li><a href=" http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/about/en/"> http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/about/en/</a> </li>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-51361148060641628212017-09-25T22:55:00.001-07:002017-11-27T05:15:37.186-08:00A war-torn Yemen is currently facing the world<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica";">A war-torn Yemen is currently facing the “world’s worst cholera outbreak”, declared the United Nations recently. The ravaged country was on the brink of famine, and now it’s being destroyed by a humanitarian crisis of unprecedented proportions. According to International Health Authorities, the cholera outbreak has reached an estimated half a million people, while 5,000 more cases are reported each day. The disease has killed over 2,000 people since April 2017.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica";">Cholera, a water borne disease caused by the ingestion of infected food and water, is easily treatable with access to clean water, sanitation, replenishing fluids and good nutrition. But, the effects of a debilitating war that’s lasted for three years and counting has left long lasting depressions in Yemen. The public health systems have collapsed and is becoming difficult to achieve coverage. It is tragic, because the disease is vaccine preventable and contagious. A disease which can be cured today has taken the lives of so many. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica";">“<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The total number of suspected cholera cases in Yemen this year hit the half a million mark in August <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and nearly 2,000 people have died since the outbreak began to spread rapidly at the end of April,” WHO said in its statement.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2038309811958458316#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica";">The ongoing war has devastated the country’s infrastructure and has left the majority of the population without access to basic services like clean water or even enough food. The levels of food insecurity and malnutrition are increasing, leaving the majority susceptible to a wide number of diseases. Medical attention is a scarce due to frequent bombings. The unlawful air-strikes have struck hospitals, food factories, prisons, trucks transporting food, schools and most recently a hotel. Each of these have shamefully targeted and killed civilians while displacing thousands. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #202020; font-family: "helvetica";">“<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Yemen’s health workers are operating in impossible conditions. Thousands of people are sick, but there are not enough hospitals, not enough medicines, not enough clean water,” WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement. “To save lives in Yemen today we must support the health system, especially the health workers.”</i></b> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2038309811958458316#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: #202020; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica";">WHO and its partners are efforting to control the cholera outbreak while working closely with UNICEF, Yemen’s local health authorities to treat the affected and control further outbreak. They have sent thousands of bags of intravenous fluids to the country since April. </span><span style="background: white; color: #202020; font-family: "helvetica";">The organization has also provided 525 beds with cleaning supplies and 112 kits for treating cholera. In partnership with UNICEF, WHO has established 2,924 diarrhea treatment beds as well as several oral dehydration therapy areas. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #281e1e; font-family: "helvetica";">“We urge the Yemeni authorities – and all those in the region and elsewhere who can play a role – to find a political solution to this conflict that has already caused so much suffering. The people of Yemen cannot bear it much longer – they need peace to rebuild their lives and their country,“ Dr Tedros said.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2038309811958458316#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #281e1e; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[5]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #281e1e; font-family: "helvetica";">According to World Health Organization, the right strategy and funding could eliminate the disease within a few years as the great news is that the world has access to safe, effective and affordable vaccines, a possibility which was unlikely before 2011. By vaccinating the population at risk and maintaining clean water, hygiene and sanitation, the disease would no longer pose a threat to global health. </span><span style="background: white; color: #281e1e; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Such unforeseen epidemics like the Cholera outbreak in Haiti, Yemen, Bangladesh and India calls for innovative interventions to ensure quick accessibility of vaccines in limited-resource setting areas. One such example is the existence of heat-stable vaccines which holds the potential to ensure maximum coverage. The immunization gap could be bridged since they are not temperature sensitive driving down the logistics cost.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-2337919091548925082017-06-15T01:15:00.000-07:002017-12-13T23:31:13.984-08:00 Heat stable Rotavirus Vaccine: India Combats Diarrheal Deaths<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus, usually spread through contaminated water and food. The disease causes uncontrollable diarrhea leading to severe dehydration which can even cause death. It is the most common cause of diarrheal disease in young children throughout the world. According to the estimations of World Health Organization, nearly 215,000 children aged less than 5 years die globally from vaccine preventable rotavirus infections. The maximum number of children affected reside in low-income countries where children are malnourished and lack access to proper medical care. However, In India, it is the leading cause of moderate to severe diarrhea accounting for 40% of cases which require treatment. The vast majority of children in the country are affected by diarrhea than as compared to AIDS, malaria, and measles combined.
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<strong>According to the Union Health Ministry,</strong> rotavirus diarrhea is responsible for about 78,000 deaths, 3.2 million outpatient visits and nearly 0.9 million hospitalizations every year. Therefore, in 2014, the rotavirus vaccine was included in the Universal Immunization Programme in 4 states, Himachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Odisha and then in February 2017, the vaccine was included in Assam, Tripura, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. Even though the government is striving for maximum coverage where no child should die from vaccine-preventable diseases, it faces difficulties such as reaching remote areas, untrained health workforce, equipment, logistics and sub-optimal cold chain management.
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The available vaccine for rotavirus vaccine loses its potency when exposed to temperatures outside the specified range which lie between 2° to 8° Celsius.As emphasized in a peer-reviewed medical journal, outdated vaccine supply, and distribution systems not only delay, but also limit the impact that vaccines have in safeguarding people’s health. Thus, understanding the global disease burden of rotavirus has on childhood mortality, Hilleman Laboratories leverages its research functions to establish a proof of concept for the development of an optimized <strong> oral heat-stable vaccine </strong> that will impact the health of millions of children in developing nations.
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<strong>Hilleman Laboratories </strong> is improvising the existing oral rotavirus vaccine which will be thermostable i.e. the vaccine will be functional over a wider range of temperature thereby reducing the dependability on storage & refrigeration. This kind of Research & Development is needed to make effective vaccines that have a high efficacy percentage available in resource-limited countries so that they can be more easily used to decrease the impact of vaccine-preventable diseases. Hilleman Laboratories is using innovative technology for simple novel packaging, making it affordable and the vaccine will be lyophilized for easier administration. If the vaccine proves to be safe and immunogenic the vaccine could be brought to India, as early as 2020, aiding in bridging the gap in vaccine delivery says Dr. Davinder Gill, CEO, Hilleman Laboratories.
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-77288436615097218842017-05-22T04:09:00.000-07:002017-07-17T02:44:06.488-07:00Three solutions setting the pace of Immunisation - Thermostability, Affordability and Availability<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The vaccine landscape is shifting, and new opportunities, challenges, and debates have pushed vaccines to the center of global health discussions. Thanks to vaccines and systematic immunization, the polio disease saw its final death knell. It is estimated that vaccines avert about 2-3 million deaths each year in all age groups and protect 83% (107 million) of infants worldwide from vaccine preventable diseases .
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Immunity is gained without the consequence of being ill and without the risk of potential life-threatening complications from the disease.
However, access to vaccines has been a critical issue in ensuring the health of children, especially in the developing countries. Access is currently limited due to limited money available for vaccine procurement, high prices of new vaccines for existing and emerging diseases and poor health delivery infrastructure in developing countries . Not just access, thermostability has been another cause for concern in case of vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that annually 10-50 percent of vaccines may be wasted globally because of<b> temperature control, logistics and shipment-related issues.</b> In low-resource settings, factors like tropical temperature, scarce resources, unreliable power, and long distances between healthcare facilities pose risks.
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Innovation is the key to success!
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As already discussed, a lot of factors contribute to vaccines not completely catering to those in need of it. The temperature sensitive nature of these vaccines leads to a loss in production as well as the supply chain. However, the last decade saw significant advances in developing, introducing and expanding the reach of vaccines globally. One of such measures was the ‘vaccine cold chain’ wherein vaccines are stored at refrigerated temperatures throughout the transport, storage, and handling of vaccines. The cold chain implies that the vaccine, from the time it is produced till the time it is consumed, stays in refrigerated conditions. Besides that, some companies are even researching methods to enhance the <b>thermostability of vaccines.</b> They have invented measures to maintain all the attributes of a vaccine even in unfavorable temperature conditions. Thermostable vaccines also help to decrease logistics cost by eliminating cold chain, which, in turn, allows for more economical pricing. As a result of this, vaccines can also be made available in remote and far-flung areas where temperatures are not naturally favorable.
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Hence, it is fair to say that <b>Thermostability, Affordability, and Availability</b> go hand-in-hand and they hold the key to the success of immunization. The heart and soul of this field is innovation. Innovation is required to improve vaccine production as well as optimizing the supply chain. The recent wave of changes has created a tremendous opportunity for innovative technologies in this space, as companies that can help discover and deliver new vaccines could create enormous value.
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com20tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-89573469756172088622017-05-15T03:47:00.000-07:002017-07-17T02:42:42.493-07:00The Low Cost Meningococcal ACYWX Conjugate Vaccine: A Boon For The Developing World <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes that outline your brain and spinal cord. These membranes are called meninges, therefore, giving the illness, its name - “meningitis”. While viral meningitis is the most common, bacterial meningitis is more consequential. Lack of timely treatment can cause paralysis, stroke, seizures, sepsis, and even death. The symptoms of bacterial meningitis can begin quickly, sometimes as quick as in a couple of hours. In cases of development of the disease, one experiences nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, confusion and a rash of purple discoloration. There are several cases of bacterial meningitis –<br />
1.) Streptococcus pneumoniae, also called pneumococcus <br />
2.) Neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus <br />
3.) Haemophilus influenzae type B, also called Hib <br />
4.) Listeria monocytogenes <br />
5.) Group B streptococcus <br />
6.) E. coli
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Amongst the leading causes of bacterial meningitis is “Neisseria meningitidis”; causes pneumonia, sepsis and other such infectious manifestations. The invasive disease affects 50,000 to 1.2 million people and is responsible for 135,000 deaths annually. As in the case of other infectious diseases, the majority of disease burden lies in developing countries. This includes meningococcal countries in the African meningitis belt, regions in South-East Asia as well as in the United States of America. Meningitis is also prevalent in Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean region and in Saudi Arabia. The recorded incidence of the endemic meningococcal disease is relatively low in India but such cases have occasionally appeared in the last 100 years. The disease is deadly and is contagious in people with close contact and can spread through coughing and sneezing. A person develops bacterial meningitis when bacteria gets into the bloodstream from the sinuses, ears or other parts of the upper respiratory tract.
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There are 13 serogroups, but the majority of invasive meningococcal infections are caused by organisms from the A, B, C, X, Y, or W serogroups. While polyvalent conjugate vaccines targeting serogroups A, C, Y and W, are available, they are too expensive and therefore not widely used in developing countries due to affordability and accessibility issues. There are currently no low-cost polyvalent conjugate vaccines in the market that cover all five A, C, Y, W and X serogroups. Therefore, Hilleman Laboratories is currently working on a low - cost meningococcal ACYWX conjugate vaccine which provides protection against five types of serogroups. Researchers adopted a two- pronged strategy to develop low-cost combination vaccine for the treatment of invasive meningococcal disease.
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“The role of the formulation in the vaccine scenario in terms of accessibility, affordability, and acceptability, besides the contribution in bridging the immunization gap in the country would also be assessed,” says Dr. Davinder Gill, CEO of Hilleman Laboratories.
Developing Countries with high endemicity place an immense strain on the public healthcare system. The disease includes long-term risk of cognitive deficit, bilateral hearing loss, motor deficit, seizures, visual impairment, and loss of limbs due to tissue necrosis; the highest risks in low-income countries, where the burden of bacterial meningitis is greatest.
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The novel cost Meningioccocal - ACYWX conjugate vaccine has the potential to significantly reduce costs and create new intellectual property allowing developing country manufacturers undertake more conjugate vaccine development projects. Technical success of the vaccines has been demonstrated in animal models. With accessibility and affordability issues in low-income countries, the vaccine could prove to be a boon for the developing nation.
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-48411475577877621792017-04-07T03:45:00.000-07:002017-04-13T03:56:39.270-07:00Hilleman Laboratories signed an MoU with NICED, ICMR to develop the first ever: Shigella Vaccine <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica";">A Kolkata based National
Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Indian Council of Medical
Research (ICMR) inked an MoU with Hilleman labs, for further development and
commercialization of the Shigella Vaccine and other enteric vaccines for
diarrheal diseases. The agreement was signed as an effort of Hilleman Labs
mission to make affordable and accessible vaccines for the developing world. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica";">At the signing-in, Dr.
Davinder Gill, CEO, Hilleman Labs said, </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">"Shigella is the second most fatal organism
after Rotavirus that causes severe diarrhea in children with no approved
vaccine available at this time. We are pleased at this opportunity to <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">collaborate with NICED and jointly develop Shigella vaccine
for a disease whose basic pathology is not yet properly understood."</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">Dr. Shanta
Dutta Director, NICED said, "Vaccines are the most, simple, powerful and
cost-effective health intervention and an effective public health tool. Our
association with Hilleman Labs is in alignment with NICED's mission to identify
enteric infections, initiate appropriate multidisciplinary research and develop
strategies for treatment, control and prevention of enteric infections."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">"Till
now Shigella infection was treated with antibiotics and currently there is no
vaccine to prevent shigellosis. We look forward to this as a strong partnership
aspiring to unlock new knowledge behind the enteric disease like shigellosis
and to come up with appropriate and effective preventive tool against this
disease.", she added.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica";">Shigellosis the leading
cause of mortality and morbidity in under five children with bloody diarrhea
worldwide, especially affecting low income developing countries of Africa and
South Asia. According to the 2015 Global Burden of Disease report, 1.3 million
deaths related to diarrhea occur not only in children but adults as well across
the world. Out of these, India had the highest mortality rates with 500,000 deaths in children less than 5 years of age. India’s population is severely
affected by water borne diseases. Poor quality of water, hygiene and sanitation
results in 30.5 million disabilities adjusted life years in India. While the Government of India is
working towards improving these basic needs, the vaccine industry is
contributing to public health by developing vaccines for various pathogens: Shigella,
adenovirus, Campylobacter & E. coli which are identified to cause diarrhea.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">Dr. Soumya Swaminathan Director General of ICMR and
Secretary, Department of Health Research - Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare added by saying, “India has immense potential in clinical research,
drug and device manufacturing and we would like to see more of these
partnerships within the country to realize the ‘Make in India' dream. We are
keen that ICMR becomes more collaborative and partners with organizations in this
direction and mutually expand capacities through cross-functional
partnerships".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">In addition to understanding the role of NICED better with
Hilleman Laboratories, Dr. Davinder Gill, CEO, Hilleman Laboratories said,’ The
good thing about this collaboration is that we can offer our expertise in
vaccine development to the work that is done at NICED and quickly accelerate
the process of development of the vaccine, so that within the next year we can
bring the vaccine from research stage to clinical trials.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-32587956989160353352017-03-22T03:39:00.004-07:002017-03-22T04:02:49.451-07:00Why you should care about Water,Sanitation and Hygiene<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-78370267986219019442017-03-06T14:30:00.000-08:002017-06-05T21:01:32.030-07:00Realizing The Potential of Public Private Partnerships in Developing Effective Vaccines For Disease-Endemic Countries<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Immunization is the most cost effective tool for preventing death among children less than 5 years of age. Vaccines for leading global diseases - Diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infection and Tuberculosis are largely unavailable in developing countries. However, the overall cost for completely vaccinating a child has increased in the last 30 years. (WHO SEAR, 2010) Introducing vaccines in developing countries, carries its own set of limitations- cost, affordability and sustainability, cold chain, adverse effects, safety, short and long-term issues.</div>
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The advent in technology presents itself as a paradox. Equipped with a deeper understanding of the genomics and access to sophisticated research tools, science now has the potential to target diseases like never before. Despite the advances, critical gap between industrialized and developing countries remain. Although, Private sectors have capitalized new technological capabilities for creating new drugs and vaccinations aimed at chronic diseases affecting the industrialized countries, the same have not been exploited to treat infectious diseases plaguing the developing countries. A number of distinct factors make it difficult to attract the necessary investments in research and development of these diseases. Factors like low market returns, distribution challenges in developing countries and most importantly, lack of awareness of these diseases in developed countries. Unless diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) account for millions of deaths, threatening the economic stability of the nation, there are limited number of drugs and vaccines available to treat the diseases of the developing countries.</div>
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To address the critical gap, Public Private Partnership’s represent an important approach. The Public Health sector for example - WHO, UNICEF or any non-governmental organization offers its expertise and combines it with the private sector where financial resources and market experience aid in meeting the developing countries health needs while also fulfilling the corporate social and fiscal responsibility objective. Understanding the need for vaccine developments in disease endemic countries, Hilleman Laboratories took an innovative approach, by collaborating with National Institute of Enteric Diseases (NICED), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in Kolkata to develop a vaccine against Shigellosis, which cause severe diarrheal diseases.</div>
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“Hilleman Laboratories will lead the vaccine development efforts, and that’s really where our expertise is whereas NICED is a center of excellence monitoring diseases in India where they will be contributing to various aspects of clinical research, clinical & pre- clinical trials, regulatory submissions” says Dr. Davinder Gill, CEO, Hilleman Laboratories. The combined efforts between Hilleman labs and NICED, ICMR offering their expertise will bring this collaboration to a successful completion contributing the make in India initiative.</div>
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“India has immense potential in clinical research, drug and device manufacturing” says<br />
Dr. Soumya Swaminathan, Director General, Institute of Medical Research.</div>
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The Public Private Partnerships offers several opportunities for Indian Pharma companies such as low cost of innovation, quality chemical capabilities where the cost of drug discovery is 80-90% cheaper as compare to other countries. In order to move past the significant barriers to give rise to more such partnerships, the government must create an environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, strong patent protection and predictable regulatory mechanisms.</div>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-67518139055761704402017-02-23T03:32:00.000-08:002017-07-14T03:39:45.949-07:00Improving Vaccine Supply Chain System in India<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare through its Universal Immunization Program has taken numerous initiatives to maximize the vaccines coverages in India. Since 2005, the strengthening support provided by National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), shows an increasing trend in immunization coverage and quality but still, critical gaps remain in the vaccine logistics management system in the country.<br />
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According to the report released by the Confederation of Indian Industries, India still fares poorly as compared to other countries as far as expenditure and vaccines coverage is concerned. In terms of full immunization coverage, Brazil and Mexico’s portfolio is far superior as that of China and India. The astonishing fact – 70% of the world’s unvaccinated children live in only 10 countries, 52% of which live in just 3 countries: India, Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo.<br />
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India covers 2.7 crore children under the immunization program, whereas 14.5 lakh still don’t receive vaccination. Vaccines are efficacious against prevalent areas, making it easier to overlook their success. For example, between the year 2000 and 2015, the measles vaccine alone saved 17 million lives, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, the coverage of immunization against the six main vaccine-preventable diseases is still variable across different regions of the country. In 2015, one in every 5 children was unable to receive the needed routine vaccination. In an attempt to improve the immunization numbers, especially countries consisting of few vaccine manufacturers face extreme difficulty due to weak health-care systems, inadequate and poor infrastructure, interrupted links in the cold chain system and even issues related to technical capacities of staff.<br />
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While on a contrasting scenario, the facts state that India is amongst the largest vaccine manufacturers in the world. Despite that, the country is unable to provide maximum vaccine coverage. Why?<br />
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It is because districts in India face challenges related to vaccine coverage, equipment breakdowns, overstocking and stock- outs, storage issues during transportation and a discontinuous cold chain. The purpose of ensuring effective delivery becomes moot when the final destination in rural health clinics has issues with electricity. The complication is worsened when there are power outages for extended hours at a time, the vaccines requiring refrigeration are damaged.<br />
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India is solely responsible for wasting 25% of the vaccines due to the paucity of the cold chain. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has planned over 27,000 cold chain points for storing the distribution of vaccines. In order to maximize the reach of vaccines, the Ministry in collaboration with United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) rolled out Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN) across 12 states in India.<br />
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Due to these supply chain challenges, Hilleman Laboratories recognized the needs of the changing world and took the opportunity to introduce thermostable vaccines which drive down the logistics cost by eliminating the cold chain. Thermostable vaccines reduce the risk of ineffective vaccines and thereby, maximize the impact on public health. In order to expand the immunization coverage, Hilleman Laboratories is currently advancing technologies that aid in maintaining the quality attributes of the vaccines.</div>
Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-49976209281094431412017-02-14T14:00:00.000-08:002017-03-16T05:48:04.727-07:00History of Cholera and its burden on Developing Countries<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In modern history, cholera occupies an important place as a public health challenge. It was the </span><b style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">first pandemic</i></b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> of the 19</span><sup style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">th</sup><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> century.<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It’s an infectious and life-threatening diarrheal disease which is endemic in many Asian and African countries. Initially originated in the swamps of </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bangladesh</span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, it spread across the world from its reservoir which is part of </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the Ganges River Delta.</span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The existent brackish waters were the birthplace of <i>vibrio cholerae</i></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, a bacterium that infects the waters and when ingested emits a toxin so virulent that all the human body’s fluids are forced to flush out. </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deprived of electrolytes, people begin to die of shock and organ failure, sporadically, within six hours of the first abdominal rumbling. </span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">History of Cholera and its burden on Developing Countries </td></tr>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Since 1871, pandemics of cholera has affected millions. As per researchers at World Health Organization, cholera contributes to 1.3 to 4 million cases each year. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(WHO, 2016) </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The increase in access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities has eliminated the transmission in high-income countries. However, the causative agent<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><b style="font-style: italic;">,</b> Vibrio cholerae</span></span> continues to affect millions of people in less developed countries where, unfortunately, clean water and sanitation infrastructure is not available in abundance. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Over the last 25 years, major cholera epidemics have seen to originate in coastal areas. Currently, the regions of cholera </span>endeminity<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"> include the coasts surrounding the Bay of Bengal, both Bangladesh and the Indian subcontinent. In these geographical regions, the patterns of </span>the frequency of the disease<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"> show a similar trend that </span>are<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"> explained by same physical or environmental drivers. The diarrheal disease, caused by bacteria that lives in water and </span>faeces<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">, is not spread by contact </span>with<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"> an infected person. A large number of the population is infected due to drinking this contaminated water. Experts suggest an occurrence of 4,50,000 - 1,000,000 cases of cholera in Bangladesh each year, whereas Data from population-based </span>diarrhea<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"> surveillance in an endemic area of Kolkata, India, revealed a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">cholera incidence of 2.2 cases</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"> per 1000 person-years. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">For <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">effective aversion</span></span> of cholera transmission, it’s imperative the afflicted countries are provided with safe drinking water through a well-maintained water and sanitary infrastructure. Oral cholera vaccines are additional ways to control the disease but should be used in conjunction with improvements in water & sanitation. </span>Even though the disease is preventable and can be controlled despite the existence of a vaccine, many countries still remain affected. <span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white;">“HILLCHOLTM - This low-cost Cholera vaccine can be used to create a healthy stockpile to be used in epidemic situations.” Says Dr Tarun Sharma, Associate Director, R&D, Hilleman Laboratories</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
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<span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Representing a significant healthcare burden globally, Hilleman Laboratories is awarded global patents for Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) in offices including <b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">USA, European Union, Australia, China, Canada and South Africa.</i></b> Mass vaccination would be made a reality in cholera endemic zones due to ease of manufacturing and low cost. Hilleman Labs single-strain vaccine with process and manufacturing optimisation significantly reduces the cost of the vaccine production, thus, aiding in improving vaccine affordability and accessibility.</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-643309993357443942017-01-31T03:29:00.000-08:002017-03-06T03:54:22.492-08:00Immunization against Measles – Rubella in India <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The World Health Organization has
congratulated India for launching the world’s largest immunization campaign
against Measles – Rubella. The campaign targets <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Measles,</i></b> a highly
contagious disease caused by a virus. The virus is from the </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">paramyxovirus family and it
is normally passed through direct contact and through the air. It is spread by
sneezing, coughing or direct contact with infected nasal or throat secretions, infecting
the respiratory tract. The campaign is additionally targeting, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">congenital
rubella syndrome</i></b> (CRS); responsible for permanent effects such as
irreversible birth defects, deafness and cataracts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 12pt;">In India, Measles affect 2.5 million children annually
whereas the congenital rubella infection, also known as the German Measles,
affects 25,000 children born in the country. In recent years, due to consistent
efforts, the mortality rate has declined by 51% from the year 2000 to 49,000 in
the year of 2015.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">The Union Health Ministry has launched the Measles – Rubella
(MR) vaccination campaign</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">in Bengaluru on 5<sup>th</sup> February, proving
India’s commitment to improve the country’s health by protecting children
against vaccine preventable diseases. The campaign targeting two diseases will
cover nearly 3.6 crore children will start from <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">five states and union territories</b> (UTs), namely, Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, Puducherry, Goa and Lakshadweep. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "helvetica";">“</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">In
the nationwide campaign, the ministry will reach out to and cover 41 crore
children in the age group of 9 months to 15 years,” says MoS Health Faggan
Singh Kulaste</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">A
specified age group will get a single shot of Measles - Rubella vaccine
irrespective of the previously introduced Measles/rubella vaccine status or
disease status. The Measles Rubella vaccine will be provided <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">free
of cost across</i></b> states from schools as well as to health facilities. <span style="background: white;">Earlier, in 1985, Measles vaccine was part of the
Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), but due to the introduction of the
Measles - Rubella vaccine, the monovalent vaccine (Measles) will be
discontinued and replaced by the bivalent vaccine (Measles - Rubella).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The World Health Organization has set a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sustainable
Goal Target,</i></b> which aims to prevent the </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-themecolor: text1;">deaths of newborns and children
under five years of age by 2030. Thus, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">the
elimination of Measles and congenital rubella syndrome by the bivalent vaccine
will contribute to the achievement of the set goal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-themecolor: text1;">We, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">at
Hilleman Laboratories</i></b>, believe that by not getting vaccinated you are
not only putting yourself at risk but also the people around you. To ensure
the effectiveness of the campaign, it’s important that throughout its duration,
no individual is left behind. An important learning taken away from the polio
eradication programme was to further the strengthening of surveillance for
Measles- Rubella </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica";">and to </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica";">identify infected and vulnerable areas. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The parents, caregivers, community
leaders, teachers and the frontline healthcare providers are urged to become
active participants and advocates for the campaign. Consistent efforts are the
only way to rapidly build up immunity and thereby reducing the huge
socio-economic burden on the susceptible cohort. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-76832723650226057432017-01-15T22:24:00.000-08:002017-02-12T22:42:56.177-08:00Immunizing India and its various Challenges<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Immunization has played an integral role in
improving children’s health and survival in India. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has been
consistently working towards reducing the mortality rates from
vaccine-preventable diseases through its Universal Immunization Programme
(UIP). Immunization doesn’t just save
medical costs, but also yields indirect economic benefits like educational
attainment, enhanced productivity. The unimmunized individuals are also offered
protection through “herd immunity” by many vaccines. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">India has made significant progress towards reducing child deaths and
has set multiple child health targets to achieve. The government of India has
taken multiple steps to accelerate child survival, including strengthening the
routine immunization (RI) programme of the country. Since 1990, the child
mortality rates of the country have declined by 58%. So far, Vaccines have
successfully eradicated smallpox and polio from the country. Measles have
brought to an all- time low and tetanus has been reduced to a large extent. As
of 2013, 18 states were estimated to have eliminated </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">maternal
and neonatal tetanus. Over the years, India has seen progress in expanding
immunization coverage, with nationwide coverage of the third dose of the
diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine increasing to an estimated 72% in
2012 from 60% in 2003. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheAFm-T6c50IIsxDgd-h7_6sqzNBNtM4O1G2H52yLIwALMvkITmVU3NwRy44bq53Je-pir4Hp8fQKbGilJQsOmmOEnVLSys7nCtlzvT1pC7g0fU53-fG0nBOXoHZu_C-3Z7kNL79B-THj1/s1600/Immunizing+India+and+its+Challenges-+Hilleman+Laboratories.jpg" style="width:100%; text-align:center;" /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The industry stands on remarkable success
that exemplifies “Make in India” while the road ahead calls for strategic
maneuvering and funding. The global foothold is consistently strengthened which
is crucial to remain successful, however, the need of the hour is to evaluate
the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">evolving domestic market
landscape.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">Vaccines
have transformed public health throughout the world, for children particularly,
the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in India is still substantial and
hence the usage of this powerful tool is still not optimal in our country. The
Indian healthcare industry presents new vistas of growth, provided, challenges
in terms of policy barriers, lack of awareness and affordability issues, are
successfully tackled</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(254 , 254 , 254); font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Some
of the challenges can be explained as - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Technical
Challenges: -<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Technology has been a conspicuous obstruction in the case of few
emerging vaccines. Hence, this results in significantly higher product risk, higher
than it has been in all previously developed vaccines. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IP Policies:</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> -</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> We need stringent IP policies and an
ecosystem where research is prized and not just encouraged. Hence, at the end
its not only a question of sustained industry competitiveness, it is a question
of appropriate and active public response to a critical national need. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Regulatory
Challenges: -<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Many a times procedural hold-ups delay product development and launch,
which in turn have proven truly expensive – not only to the industry but to the
country as such. While the industry stakeholders have now begun a constructive
dialogue to wash out certain regulatory delays, the magnitude of the problem
calls for a collaborative approach that is as aggressive as it can be. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In a wake to address the
regulatory issues of Indian vaccine industry, Union Health Ministry has
recently announced that it will be forming an expert group to examine
regulatory issues for Indian vaccine industry. "Indian vaccines
manufacturers should accord prime importance to meeting domestic demand,
upscale research and development related work, and also take initiatives in
developing critical vaccines such as Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines" said Union Health Secretary C K
Mishra. The expert group will work towards speedy resolution of issues in
time-bound manner without compromising critical aspects like quality, patient
safety and patient management.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">More of such initiatives and
planned multi-stakeholder approach is required for conquering challenges of
complex emerging vaccines that lie ahead. It is critical that policymakers and
regulators alike, maintain the pace in such efforts and work in full force to
help India win over the next set of public health challenges.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-83220020554565924552016-12-30T00:34:00.000-08:002017-02-03T02:57:29.141-08:00The Rising Incidence of Diarrhea in India <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;">Diarrhea is the second leading cause of child mortality, worldwide.
As estimated by Health Ministry,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> over 1.2 lakh children aged less than
five years, succumb to diarrhea every year.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"> The mortality rate is of
5 per 1000 live births in the country, as stated in an annual report released
by International Vaccine Access Center. </span></div>
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<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisOQfx6SnlaKvAKKlmWCndzMfPW9mxi7SORH7JWYV7kdtqhVt8piya_OL0jo8Lhqghzg-RyH8py4et9Pq3GvFrUfCVxy58RbjX9fPRkgB4TmIrskxI-zPWfowqnm_Ia6JCGhYFWxMKe0y4/s1600/Hilleman_Infographic_Revised.jpg" style="width: 100%;" />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;">The primary factors which
contribute to </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;">Diarrheal attacks among children are: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">contaminated water and food</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">malnutrition</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">inadequate sanitation and</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">lack of immunization</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The
diarrheal disease further compromises the health of the child by hindering
development, cognitive impairment and poor immune response.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;">According to a new research published in The Lancet, the
number of cases of children dying from Diarrhea was twice as high as estimated
previously. The attributable pathogens – Viruses, parasites, bacteria and other
infections has been substantially underestimated. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The research consisted of analysis of over
1000 samples from </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bangladesh,
India, Pakistan, the Gambia, Kenya, Mali and Mozambique. Its findings included
that shigella and rotavirus were the most common infections among children
below the age of 5. The other infections were followed by adenovirus,
enterotoxin-producing<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>E
coli</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(ETEC),<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Cryptosporidium</i>, and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Campylobacter</i>. The study
concluded that while there is an oral vaccine that exists for rotavirus, a need
was highlighted for shigella and ETEC vaccines which should to be prioritized. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Diarrhea can also be managed <span style="background: white;">through supportive care with rehydration and zinc
supplementation. The use of antibiotics is not usually recommended unless there
are signs of dysentery or if cholera is suspected.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;">Progress in immunization
coverage is now being made in India with the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in
Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Odisha in 2016. There is a further
expansion plan in March 2017 where the vaccine will be introduced in <span style="background: white;">in the state of Rajasthan.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">17.25 lakh children will benefit from this
introduction. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Along
with Rajasthan T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ripura,
Assam,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;">Madhya Pradesh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> and
Tamil Nadu in second phase.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;">There are also simple proven interventions that can prevent
death, including vaccines, antibiotics, exclusive breastfeeding, and access to
treatment and care. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"It may not be
possible to stop incidence of diarrhea by intervention but prevent deaths from
it," says CK Mishra, additional secretary to the Health Ministry.</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In India, only 54.4% children suffering from
diarrhea receive ORS, whereas 30% of children are malnourished and are
therefore, at an increased risk of getting the infection. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;">We urgently need to find approaches to escalate
the deployment of solutions to ensure that there is continued positive progress
in reducing preventable child deaths.<br />
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-29221715800436949912016-12-15T20:52:00.000-08:002017-01-20T02:05:17.499-08:00 Blog: Evolution of Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vaccines have been a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases. Vaccines empower the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent diseases. As per World Health Organization(WHO), vaccinations have averted 2-3 million deaths annually. Till date, number of initiatives have been undertaken around the world to improve the immunization coverage and protect children and adults against infectious diseases.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First Immunization Programme in India called the ‘<b>Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI)’</b> was launched in 1978 with an objective to increase the Immunization coverage up to 80 per cent in infants. The vaccines included in the programme were </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DPT, OPV, BCG and typhoid vaccines. Unfortunately, t</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">he programme couldn’t cover the targeted population as planned and was only able to cover a part of the urban population. At such a point in time, the country needed a significant programme for immunization which could reduce mortality and morbidity of various infectious diseases.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: left;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: left;">Later in 1985, the Government of India renamed Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) to </span><b style="background-color: transparent; font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: left;">Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).</b><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: left;"> The main objective of Universal Immunization Programme was to reduce mortality and morbidity.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: left;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: left;">It aimed to enhance indigenous vaccine production capacity in India and establish cold chains. It focused on phased implementation of vaccines with a goal to cover all districts by 1990. Implementation of monitoring and evaluation system was also included in the programme. As time progressed, following were the key improvements introduced in the Universal Immunization Programme: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">With several improvements and successful implementations, </span><b style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">Universal Immunization Programme</b><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> is amongst the largest public health intervention measures undertaken in India. It is also amongst the largest Immunization </span><span style="text-align: justify;">programmes</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> in the world in terms of- quantity of vaccine used, </span><span style="text-align: justify;">number</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> of beneficiaries reached out to, </span><span style="text-align: justify;">number</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> of immunization sessions organized and the geographical spread and diversity of areas covered. It has changed how cold chain system used to work, helped establish a network of outreach immunization sites, identified </span><span style="text-align: justify;">alternative</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> delivery model for the vaccines and also enhanced capacity building of health functionaries and medical officers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Keeping in the mind the progression of vaccines and their massive reach in the world, the </span><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Universal Immunization Programme(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UIP)</span></b><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> has remained focused and has prioritized number of initiatives both at the national as well as the state levels. The government of India along with multiple development partners have initiated various measures to escalate and improve the functioning and service delivery of various vaccination programmes in the country.</span></div>
</div>Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-85582014421013231242016-11-30T03:08:00.000-08:002016-12-05T05:58:40.541-08:00Immunization Catch Up Chart Schedule in India 2016<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSel10NLRQcnOhrieKZcgrBxsHUuYnYP_1VzhoGIHpj-Sdwu5QLjx3sq2Ae_LcK3RWsOof6VKOddyAjjpLvPzH6BWT3KFefBFE4RrvLPmdcDq0tr7lb3bTJSHdjB-61rwvecRzkZ8SN0e_/s1600/Immunization+catch+up+chart+schedule+in+india+2016.jpg" style="width: 100%;" /></div>
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The catch-up vaccination schedule makes sure that all the vaccines are administrated appropriately after taking the delayed/missed dose into account.</div>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-31522892073830672252016-11-24T00:01:00.001-08:002016-11-24T00:30:50.356-08:00Pneumonia Vaccine to be introduced under Universal Immunization Programme in 2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBtQ0dgZr6hfFHj_qIfrgJo-j_bkYbIxEwV9fKaB56KALcNL3WYywmoA7Q-Z_9AXp7ArJptOu6KgQ7UPc6WKyFwMqUG-kQak9KEVxHWrnfyfCG0zx4-ToTwkfDQbCCOWbz-8cXYG3YH35x/s1600/Pneumonia+Vaccine+to+be+introduced+under+Universal+Immunization+Programme+in+2017.jpg" width="100%" /></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pneumonia and diarrhoea are major reasons for death in the post-neonatal period. In 2015, India recorded an under-five death rate of around 48 deaths for each 1,000 live births. It is serious situation as around 1.26 million children aged below five years die in the country every year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">In a recent report released by International Vaccine Access Centre (IVAC) and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, the top five countries with highest burden of child pneumonia & diarrhoea cases globally are India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. The report also stated that 15 years after pneumococcal conjugate vaccines’ (PCV) first introduction globally in 2000, five of the highest pneumonia burden countries (India, Indonesia, Chad, China and Somalia) are still not using the vaccine in their routine immunisation programs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Post the report launch, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare(MoHFW) announced that the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(PCV) that combats pneumonia, will be rolled out as part of the Universal Immunisation Programme in a phased manner in the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. The introduction of the vaccine will start in 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">"Adding this life-saving vaccine such as PCV and Rotavirus to our immunization program will not only improve the health of our children but will also reduce hospitalisation and other conditions associated with diarrhoea and pneumonia such as malnutrition, delayed physical and mental development among children," said Union Health Minister Shri J P Nadda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">There are still many conversations with the cost issues related to the newly introduced vaccine. In private sector, three doses of PCV will cost around Rs 15,000. Dr Pradeep Haldar, Deputy Commissioner (Immunization), Union Health Ministry has stated that the vaccine will be supported by Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization(GAVI) initially and later Ministry of Health will acquire vaccines under Government of India’s programme at subsidized costs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The introduction of the PCV vaccine is a commendable move by the Ministry and would help in saving a lot of lives. The recently introduced PCV and Rotavirus vaccine will help in reducing hospitalisation rates in children prone to Pneumonia and Diahhroea, which will hence reduce the economic burden on the family and the health cost burden on the country.</span></div>
Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-89658611508829320272016-10-31T00:18:00.000-07:002016-11-02T00:29:05.730-07:00Cholera Vaccines: Need of the Hour in Haiti<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Haiti, the Caribbean nation has been frequently hit by natural disasters like hurricanes, floods and has also been struck by powerful earthquakes. In 1963, Hurricane Flora killed 6,000 people in Haiti and Cuba. During the hurricane season eight years ago, Haiti was hit by four storms- Fay, Gustav, Hannah and Ike, which killed more than 800 people and devastated nearly three fourth of its agricultural land. The country has also suffered dire flooding in 2002, 2003, 2006 and 2007. Devastating earthquake flattened parts of the capital, Port-au-Prince in 2010. It killed at least 90,000 people and displaced more than 1.5 million.</div>
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With so many natural calamities, Haiti had witnessed many Cholera outbreaks in the recent past. Cholera which causes severe diarrhea, is spread through contaminated water and has a short incubation period, which leads to rapid outbreaks. The major earthquake in 2010 claimed about 10,000 lives due to Cholera. 771 Cholera cases have been reported every week in 2016, with 28,559 cases in the last ten months.</div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Hurricane Matthew which hit the country on 4<sup>th</sup> October has hit the country hard. More than 200,000 homes have been severely damaged and 175,000 people are still living in temporary shelters across the country. Since the storm, health workers have diagnosed more than 200 people with cholera, and 13 have died. As per WHO figures, 35 of 197 health facilities in Haiti, including hospitals, clinics and treatment centres have been affected by the floods and heavy winds following the hurricane. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">International organizations like Gavi and WHO have announced that they will be sending doses of Cholera Vaccine in order to protect Haitians against the growing threat of cholera outbreak. According to Dominique Legros, cholera expert at the WHO, since Hurricane Matthew hit the island there has been a sharp increase in cholera cases, with more than 200 suspected cases reported since the storm hit. Public health officials have already indicated that there is a high risk of cholera transmission in the worst hit areas and the assessment will help in drawing an effective roadmap for the emergency vaccination programme in the country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">“Gavi will continue to work closely with the Government of Haiti and with our global health colleagues to stave off the potential threat of cholera outbreaks and enable the Haitian people to stay healthy and focused on repairing the damage caused by Hurricane Matthew.” said Dr. Seth Berkley, CEO of Gavi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Though International organizations are working towards stopping another Cholera outbreak through vaccines, supplies are still low to reach the high number of people at risk. According to Justin Lessler, an associate professor of epidemiology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health "the people who need cholera vaccine are generally the poorest people. People with money generally have the ability to get clean water, stay away from cholera"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Cholera is endemic in over 50 countries with estimated mortality of 100,000-120,000 deaths and a morbidity of 3.8-4.4 million annual cases attributed to this disease. There is an urgent need of highly effective and affordable Cholera vaccines both for outbreaks as well as mass vaccination campaigns.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">The huge Cholera burden has led to a demand for an effective, low-cost Cholera vaccine for use in epidemic outbreaks as well as for mass vaccinations in endemic settings. A market also exists for travellers to endemic regions. Demand estimates for Cholera vaccines vary significantly across scenarios with an expected 30 million doses needed by 2016 rising to expected 200 million doses by 2025, assuming vaccination of all 1-14 year old patients in high risk populations. Global public health community has also expressed concern that current Cholera vaccine manufacturers may not be able to meet the projected increase in demand further strengthening the requirement for alternate, low-cost vaccine supply.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Hilleman Laboratories in collaboration with Gotovax AB (a University of Gothenburg spin-off biopharmaceutical company) aims to deliver a high impact Oral Cholera vaccine at a significantly more affordable price than the ones currently available in the market. Easy to administer, with cross protection against ETEC diarrhea and enhanced with a longer shelf life, this vaccine candidate will be most suited for geographies with the highest cholera burden like Africa and South Asia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Hilleman Laboratories has also recently announced the signing of an MoU with ICDDR,B and Incepta Vaccine Ltd, both based in Bangladesh for further development and manufacturing of our vaccine.</div>
Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-36670588766718202162016-10-25T03:13:00.000-07:002016-10-25T03:15:39.361-07:00Securing Our Children’s Future<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<i><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">"Early childhood development will not only benefit the children of today, but will have a direct impact on the stability and prosperity of nations in the future".<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General, WHO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Malnutrition and infection account for a large proportion of the mortality and morbidity that prevails in developing countries, especially among vulnerable groups of infants and young children. Millions of lives are being lost every year from disease for which there are vaccines. Hence, meeting the basic needs of nutritional wellbeing and addressing malnutrition in its various forms among children is therefore an urgent global priority.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hilleman Laboratories also understands and recognizes the importance of interplaying role of nutrition and immunity, along with vaccination in reducing childhood mortality and improving child health and development. With an objective of ‘Improving Infant and Child Health’, Hilleman Laboratories recently organized <b>‘Securing Our Children’s Future’</b> a workshop on nutrition and immunity for infant and child health. The workshop brought together research scientists, academicians, nutritionists, medical community and policy makers and provided a platform to discuss the latest development, practices and challenges in the field of nutrition and immunity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The workshop took place in New Delhi, on the 21<sup>st</sup> and 22<sup>nd</sup> of September, 2016. With speakers and participants from diverse backgrounds, the workshop started with opening remarks by <b>Dr. Davinder Gill</b>, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Hilleman Laboratories. The first speaker of the workshop was <b>Professor Gagandeep Kang</b>, Christian Medical College (Vellore), who was able to set in the context with her keynote presentation on ‘Malnutrition and Vaccine Response’. She explained how malnutrition is the most common immunodeficiency globally through case studies and statistics. Professor Kang shared insights and cases on three key areas-1) Immunology of malnutrition 2) Vaccination in the context of malnutrition and 3) Malnutrition in the context of vaccination. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Followed by the insightful keynote presentation, <b>Dr. Prema Ramachandran</b>, Director, Nutrition Foundation of India (New Delhi) began Session 1 on ‘Nutritional Epidemiology for Infant and Child health<b>’</b> by giving an overview of health and nutritional status of Indian children. She spoke about the challenges, interventions and achievements in the area of infant and child nutrition. Dr. Ramachandran also discussed the current status of World Health Assembly targets on low birth weight rates, breast feeding rates, and also stunting and wasting rates. <b>Dr. Shweta Khandelwal</b> from Public Health Foundation of India (New Delhi) continued the session and spoke on ‘Importance of nutrition in chronic diseases’. She threw light on the impact of changing diet patterns, nutrients and food items on chronic diseases. The session was wrapped up by <b>Dr. Uma Chandra Mouli Natchu</b> from Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (Faridabad) who spoke on ‘Early life nutritional influences on immunity’. Dr. Natchu shared some interesting facts on how Vitamin D deficiency leads to higher risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, ultimately leading to Asthma. He also revealed how daily zinc supplementation in childhood reduces incidence of pneumonia & all-cause mortality. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Second session on ‘Nutrition for Children’ was initiated by <b>Dr. Sumathi Swaminathan</b> from St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences (Bengaluru). Dr. Swaminathan spoke about ‘Nutritional requirements in infants & children’. She talked about changes in nutrition requirements during infancy and young childhood and also covered key aspects of feeding. She also highlighted that how the existence of breast milk banks is fruitful and how they have been successful in many parts of the country. <b>Dr. Swaroop Kumar Sahu</b> from<b> </b><span style="background: white;">Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (Puducherry)</span> proceeded further with the session with the discussion on the topic ‘Effects of malnutrition in children’ which highlighted on the spectrum of malnutrition and the growth charts to monitor the malnutrition. Furthermore, both the direct and indirect </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">effects of </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">malnutrition on children were discussed along with the interventions to address the problem of malnutrition among children.</span><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dr. Nisha Wadhwani</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> continued the session and spoke on behalf of <b>Dr. Sadhana Joshi</b> from </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bharati Vidyapeeth University (Pune</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) on the topic of ‘Prenatal maternal Nutrition’ which focussed on the direct effect of maternal nutrition on fetal programming and also threw light on the role of the epigenetic modification in altering </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">placental function and fetal development. The last presentation of the second session was made by <b>Dr. Anju Pradhan Sinha </b>from </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indian Council of Medical Research </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(New Delhi) on the ‘</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinal Microbiota and the role of probiotics in child health’ and it gave a glimpse on the importance of the gut flora and its role in human immune functions and showcased case studies of using different probiotics for prevention of neonatal infection.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Day 1 of the workshop ended with <b>Dr. Anjali Ahuja </b>from Nestle Nutrition (Gurgaon) speaking about ‘Complementary Feeding - Role of Critical micronutrients in Paediatric nutrition’. Dr. Ahuja showcased how micronutrient deficiencies are linked to poor growth, intellectual impairment & increased risk of morbidity & mortality. She spoke about fortified complementary feed and its impact on infant and child health. Dr. Ahuja also covered key initiatives by Nestle Nutrition and how the organization is committed to the well-being and overall health of children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The second day of the workshop started with <b>Ms. Ruchika Chugh Sachdeva</b> from PATH speaking on <b>‘</b>Role of nutrition in prevention of disease’. She started the fourth session by drawing audience attention to the relationship of nutrition with health and disease. She focused on the link between nutrition and immunity with respect to macronutrient & micronutrient deficiency, and over-nutrition. Ms. Sachdeva also spoke about food fortification and stated various facts related to the same. She ended her presentation with interesting quote by Thomas Edison- <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“The doctor of the future will no longer treat the human frame with drugs, but rather will cure and prevent disease with nutrition”</span></i><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The session proceeded with <b>Dr. B S Ramakrishna</b> from SRM Institute of Medical Science (Chennai), who spoke on ‘Environmental Enteropathy’. The key areas covered in his presentation were tropical enteropathy, and consequences of enteropathy and how it is measured. Dr. Ramakrishna also gave examples of cases highlighting relationship of stunting with diarrhoea. The fourth session was concluded by <b>Dr. Ira Praharaj </b>from </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Christian Medical College (Vellore)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="EN-IN">who addressed the audience on ‘Probiotics and the response to vaccines’ highlighting the immunomodulation by the gut microbiota and probiotics. Through her talk she emphasized on one of the key questions on the role of probiotics to</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> improve/affect immune responses to vaccines by discussing various case studies.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dr. Francis Odhiambo</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> from UNICEF India (New Delhi) took the last session of the workshop, and delivered a presentation on the pertinent topic of ‘Integrated approaches to address underlying risks’. He spoke on <span style="background: white;">Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme (</span>WASH) and various interventions executed by UNICEF, related to water quality, sanitation, safe handling and storage, hand washing with soap. The final presentation was given <b>by Dr. Vanisha S Nambiar</b> from Maharaja Sayajirao University</span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">of Baroda (Vadodara). Dr. Nambiar spoke on Nutritional programming (nutritional education and counselling programs). She took the audience through the various stages of change, in case of nutritional programming. She explained how nutrition education as well as counselling has a high potential in bringing about a behavioural change.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dr. Davinder Gill</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> concluded the workshop by calling it “A truly successful endeavour, which saw participation from cross disciplinary set of speakers, attendees, stakeholders and other members of the community who came together and shared insightful details on key topics like advocacy, clinical trials and some recent scientific innovations that are happening around the country, which in totality is helping to build a strong case for the interplaying role of nutrition and immunity as the key factors along with vaccination in reducing childhood mortality and improving child health and development”. He also underlined the significance of such workshops in building new friendships and collaborations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Through this workshop, Hilleman Laboratories was successfully able to provide a platform for meaningful discussions which could help resolve gaps related to public health issues on infant and child health and at the same time provided a great opportunity for the nutrition focal managers to be oriented on key technical updates on child nutrition and immunity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-69193650164308942102016-09-30T06:54:00.004-07:002016-09-30T07:01:45.499-07:00Improving Efficiency of Vaccination Systems through Intelligent Vaccine Management<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has been working towards reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases through its Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). The ministry has introduced numerous initiatives to improve the vaccine coverage in the country but there are still critical gaps in the vaccine logistics management system in the country with issues related to inadequate and poor infrastructure, weak monitoring and management information system, vaccine management and issues related to technical capacities of staff.<br />
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Districts around the country have been facing challenges related to vaccine coverage because of frequent equipment breakdowns, overstocking and stock-outs, inadequate monitoring and supervision, high rates of breakdown of equipment, overstocking and stock-outs, inadequate monitoring and supervision, and poor management. To overcome these challenges the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) in partnership with United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and GAVI are rolling out Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN) across 12 states in India.<br />
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eVIN helps in addressing three critical questions in vaccines logistics management - where vaccines are; whether they are in adequate quantities; and whether they are stored at recommended temperatures?<br />
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The eVin system uses a three prompt approach of people, processes and product. The Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN) is a technology system that digitizes vaccine stocks through a smartphone application. The technology uses mobile and web based dashboards to track locations, temperatures and stock levels of vaccines, making sure that the supply is safe and reliable. The system helps in providing real time data that can be viewed on a web and application-based dashboard by programme managers across districts, states and national levels. All the data is uploaded on a cloud based server by trained professionals through a smartphone application.<br />
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“Seeing health workers being able to show on their smartphones, real time data and having temperature monitoring that can be monitored externally is a really powerful thing” said Dr Seth Berkley, CEO of GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance. <br />
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With the eVIN system recently being rolled out in districts of Assam, Rajasthan, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Manipur, Nagaland and Odisha; policymakers will be able to make data-informed decisions in planning for vaccine distribution and improving supply chain. As India is the home to the world’s largest birth cohort, planning a healthy future for every child is very essential at all levels.</div>
Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-16056644819968462812016-09-05T01:28:00.001-07:002016-09-05T03:40:23.102-07:00Companies Targeting The Poor Yet Retaining Profits<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-IN"><br /></span><span lang="EN-IN">“<i>Innovation is a change that unlocks new value.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN-IN">Jamie Notter<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Innovations in today’s time have paved way for the Multi-National Companies to reach out to people, catering to their needs and making their life simple and easy. It is so phenomenal that companies who sell products targeting customers at the poverty line still manage to make profits despite selling the products at very lower cost.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="text-align: justify;">In order to understand the different facets of such companies’ marketing approach, Amrit Gill a </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="text-align: justify;">sophomore, majoring in Business & Finance at the University of South Florida</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="text-align: justify;"> completed a project on a very distinctive area of interest- ‘</span><span style="text-align: justify;">How companies retain profits while selling goods at a cheap price to consumers at the poverty line’. His initial research showed that such companies face difficulties finding customers in the starting, but after changing their business model and tactics they are able to become profitable. Such companies manoeuvre helps develop a case for other companies to analyze the consumer behavior and compeer their business and marketing approach.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN">Green Light Planet- Sun
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<span lang="EN-IN">The product originated in Orissa, is made by two Indian and one American college student in order to improve agricultural productivity, but the villagers later utilised it as a source of electricity. It’s estimated that around two billion population of the
world lives in darkness and this product comes as a life-saver by illuminating their lives with bright light. The product is an alternative to the pollution causing kerosene lamps and also reduces the risk of catching fire. The company has sold around 3,000,000 lamps with 6,000 active sellers across India, Kenya and Uganda. The product will be able to add up to 30,000 sellers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Nearly 20% of the Indian population do not have access to electricity and dwells heavily on kerosene lamps. Kerosene is one of the sources for global warming and also responsible for lung cancer, strokes and other respiratory diseases. With the
Green Light Planet’s product Sun King<b> </b>coming into picture will help in reducing such issues. The development of this product
took approximately 3 years. The initial investors in this product were from ZS Associates. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN"> The marketing strategy of Green Light Product was different. They tried to convince important people in the villages such as teachers, police and other officials to gain their trust, as the villagers had a bad experience with the Chinese products of such kind breaking down at a very early level of usage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">After their products were successful among few people, they encouraged their customers to spread its importance by Word of Mouth. In order to gain more trust they partnered with an NGO who helped them in adding more customers to their bucket. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">In the near future the company plans to expand with adding more products such as cooking stoves and water filtration systems, once they are able to reach the saturation levels. The company’s projecting a 5-7 year sustainability programme, then depending upon their market they will expand on the product range.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN">Mpedigree<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<span lang="EN-IN">An organization started by Bright Simmons, an entrepreneur who wanted to terminate counterfeit drug production in Ghana. The company produces labels in</span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span>order to regulate the sales of counterfeit products. Mpedigree initially worked with
pharmaceutical companies, but has now expanded to electrical products, clothing, cosmetics and seeds used in agriculture.<span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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For developing the product, Simmons hired engineers to develop software that creates unique 12 digit codes, which is printed on a label in China
costing $0.09 per unit. The software was used to store the codes in a database, in- case when a customer texted the code they were able to receive instant counterfeit verification. <span lang="EN-IN">It came as valuable tool for manufacturers as they were able to get notifications if the code had been used more than once. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Pharmaceutical companies, venture capitalists, and regulators for future investments/partnerships did not take Mpedigree seriously, because it was a small nonprofit organization and charities were not much successful in Ghana.<span style="color: #595959; font-family: "gill sans mt" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> </span>In
2009 Simmons transformed his organization into a for-profit social enterprise, he made calls until he obtained a meeting with Hewlett Packard to obtain cloud servers for data storage and partnership. HP saw initiative in the rising mobile industry in West Africa and East Asia. In December 2010 HP announced that it would run the data that host Mpedigree’s code, which saved the company 10 million dollars or the infrastructure costs. The pharmaceutical world started taking the company seriously when Nigeria’s food and drug administration endorsed Mpedigree.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Mpedigree is developing a system, in which the customers and the seller can contact each other directly in order to ensure customer satisfaction. They are in the process of presenting the idea to various telecom mobile carriers in India and Nigeria. The company has expanded to the cosmetic and textile industries and is on the verge of signing 7 new deals, 5 in Ghana and 2 in Nigeria. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN">What Hilleman Laboratories can do?</span></b>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Hilleman laboratories can increase the transaction size by using upselling. They can increase the total number products sold to a consumer by selling upgrades or additional accessories. </span>The organization should negotiate long term supply deals in order to buy the products for lower prices and create better terms with the supplier. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The organization can incorporate efficient promotion by effectively using promotion expenses to create as many connections as possible. This will
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There is also a need to reduce cost of production which can be done by reducing energy consumption, and taking precautionary steps to prevent accidents. The organization should focus on avoiding overproduction and reducing waste.</div>
Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-15294825256068805412016-08-23T05:10:00.003-07:002016-08-25T00:30:57.100-07:00Workshop on Nutrition and Immunity for Infant and Child health<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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MSD-Wellcome Trust Hilleman Laboratories is a first of its kind joint venture between Merck & Co., USA and Wellcome Trust, UK Hilleman Laboratories is dedicated for improvement of child health by developing affordable vaccines for the developing world.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">It is well known that appropriate functioning of the human immune system is dependent on nutritional status. There are a lot of insights gathered about interrelationship between nutrition and immunity and its role in reducing childhood morbidity and mortality.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hilleman Laboratories understands and recognizes this interplaying role of nutrition and immunity in improving child health and its impact on the economic sustainability of our nation. To further our understanding of this key area, Hilleman Laboratories aims to convene a workshop on 21<sup>st</sup> and 22<sup>nd</sup>September 2016 in NewDelhi, India. The workshop plans to provide a platform to spur a dialogue between esteemed academicians, researchers, public health experts and policy makers responsible for planning nutrition programs across the country. The workshop will have key-note presentation, theme presentations and discussions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The workshop scopes to address the two-way association between nutrition with immune parameters in infants and young children. Infancy and early years of a child’s development represents the most nutritionally vulnerable stage of life cycle. Young children pay a lifelong price of undernutrition. Improvement in nutrition status is vital for saving young lives and thereby creating an impact on economic sustainability of a nation. The impact of nutrition is multi-faceted. Nutrition in early years of life is known to make a huge impact on immunity of an individual.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The workshop aims to cover key topics like integrating role of nutrition and immunity and provide insight for the nutrition focal persons/managers on key technical updates on child nutrition and immunity. Some of the key topics to be covered are: Nutrition requirements of children, Nutritional epidemiology for infant and child health,Nutritional deficiency associated Immune disorders in infants and children and Role of nutrition in prevention of disease, environmental eneteropathy, vaccines and nutritional health.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The first segment of this workshop session will throw light on importance of nutrition on immunity in infants and young children. It aims to landscape the trends and determinants in infant and child nutritionacross the country . The second segment aims to appraise and evaluate the nutritional requirements of infants and young children, and consider prenatal nutrition too. The third segment will shed light on ill effects of poor nutrition and its adverse impact on physical and cognitive growth of children.The fourth session will focus on how good nutrition in early years can strengthen immunity or vaccination against a disease can be chosen to prevent disease. It is well known that nutrition status alters response to vaccine and therefore, this session will explore the concept in conjunction with the role of environmental factors for infants and child health. The fifth and final session is planned to focus on the promotion of good health through nutrition and primary prevention of nutrition related illness in infants and young children. Apart from discussions on nutritional education and counseling programs for children, this session is also aimed to address integrated issues such as sanitation and hygiene which could indirectly affect infant and child health.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">This workshop thus aims to </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">highlight and resolve the gaps in current scenario while discussing malnutrition, immunity and vaccines</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">by providing a great opportunity to distinguished professionals to discuss the latest advancement, practices and challenges in the field to achieve the common goal of improving infant and child health. </span><br />
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">To register log on to <a href="http://www.hillemanlabs.org/registration.aspx">http://www.hillemanlabs.org/registration.aspx</a></span></div>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-33910964895876358872016-08-11T05:28:00.000-07:002016-08-11T22:33:50.669-07:00Undernutrition And Diminished Immunity: Breaking The Lethal Cycle <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Healthy
children are the bedrock of a healthy society. Good nutrition is the core
pillar for healthy and productive communities and nations. The benefits of good
nutrition are carried across generations, binding and supporting various facets
of nation’s development. Hence it is in a nation’s best interest to safeguard its
children’s health. As per
UNICEF, around 3 million children die due to undernutrition every year. Asia
alone is believed to be home to approximately 70% of the world's malnourished
children, while India has the highest percentage of undernourished children in
the world. Ironically when the economic development of India is growing at
nearly 10% annually, the rate of undernourished children remain very high. As
per the third </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">National Family Health Survey </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NFHS) India</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">48%
of children under the age of five are stunted due to chronic undernutrition. Undernutrition,
often referred to as “hidden hunger”, is a form of malnutrition. It has long
been a sore point for India, adversely impacting the overall social and
economic development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Without
aggressive efforts, the undernutrition issue in India is escalating with
devastating consequences on children’s development-physical growth retardation,
increased susceptibility to diseases, hampered cognitive development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Undernutrition
issues among the age of under-five children is an important concern for the
health authorities in India. It is acknowledged widely that infections are as
much a cause of malnutrition as they are a consequence. Malnourished children
have increased risk of mortality from infectious diseases. Investing in
elevating maternal and child nutritional status is a long-term investment that
will benefit the present generation and their children as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
nutrition of mothers and children is closely linked. When malnutrition starts at
conception, most of the damage is already done as the child enters the second
year of life. The first 1000 days of a child’s life is a critical window and represents
the most vulnerable period to the impact of poor nutrition. Deficits during
this period can have irreversible consequences for the child. Other than adversely
impacting the cognitive ability, a child’s nutritional status also influences the
immune responses in varied and complex ways. A common thread links nutrition,
immunity and infections. Nutritional deficiencies are known to affect various
components of the immune system putting a child at a greater risk of developing
a disease. The severity of malnutrition and the age of onset of nutritional
deprivation often decide the extent of immunological impairment. A stunted,
undernourished child is at a greater risk of various diseases. Infection and
malnutrition overlap and interact; infact they form a vicious cycle. Undernutrition
weakens the immune system, putting children at higher risk of more severe,
frequent and prolonged bouts of illness. Looking at this from other end of the
spectrum, undernutrition appears to be a consequence of repeated infections,
which can further worsen the child’s nutritional status. Thus recurrent
infections contribute to pathogenesis of malnutrition. This interaction between
under nutrition and infection creates a potentially lethal cycle of worsening
illness and deteriorating nutritional status. Critical nutrition interventions have
the potential to break this cycle and are important for accelerating progress. Scrimshaw
<i>et al</i> (1968) first described this
vicious cycle of infection and under nutrition. His research stated that
infections predispose to malnutrition, through reduced intake and absorption
and diversion of nutrients away from growth, while malnutrition reduces immune
function and increases the risk and/or severity of infections.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Immunization
and improved nutrition are among the key factors in a multi-sectoral package of
interventions for reducing childhood mortality and feature prominently in the
Gates Grand Challenges in Global Health. Vaccination programs also stand to
hugely benefit the malnourished population as well. Vaccination programs are
particularly valuable health resource for settings that are in high-disease
environment. Reforming children’s health status translates into higher worker
productivity promoting economic success and poverty reduction for a nation. Improving
nutritional status will further add to the overall success of the multi
sectoral interventions that include immunization and vaccination programs
undertaken by the government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">It
is reassuring that the enormity of the adverse impacts of poor nutrition on a
child’s growth and development are being recognized and acted upon
aggressively. Entities such as Hilleman Laboratories understand and recognize
the interplaying role of nutrition and immunity in improving child health and
development and its impact on the economic sustainability of our nation and are
looking ahead and promoting actions for transforming lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2038309811958458316.post-2768685639869787782016-07-29T03:02:00.000-07:002016-07-29T06:23:06.516-07:00India: Current Vaccination Scenario <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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India’s immunization program is one of the largest Universal Immunization Programs (UIP) in the world. In India, the Universal Immunization Program targets 27 million infants and 30 million pregnant women every year. Effective vaccine utilization is an integral component of vaccine security and vaccine wastage is one of the key factors to be considered with regards to vaccine forecasting and need estimation. Heat sensitivity of most vaccines calls for the need of adequate cold-chain system and ensure its maintenance to preserve the potency of the vaccine before it is administered. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all childhood vaccines except the oral polio vaccine be kept at 2–8 °C during their in-country distribution.<br />
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In a bid to ensure success of the immunization program, India has a five-level supply chain. It commences at the government medical supply depots (n=4) which supply state vaccine stores (n = 35), which, in turn, supply regional vaccine stores (n = 116). Vaccine is sent from the regional stores to district vaccine stores (n = 626), and thereon the last links in the chain: the primary or community health centers function as the peripheral vaccine stores (n = 26 439).<br />
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In spite of all the positive efforts there are ongoing challenges and shortcoming in the program that hamper the coverage rates.Within the entire chain, storage of vaccines at optimum temperature is critical. Most vaccines(except the oral polio vaccine) need to be stored at temperature between 2–8 °C.This is either achieved by building walk-in coolers or ice-lined refrigerators or transported in cold boxes with ice packs that have been allowed to reach 0 °C.Immunization services in the public sector are mostly provided at district hospitals, urban health centers and primary or community health centers. However, outreach vaccination sessions at health subcenters or in remote villages are also conducted, using vaccine transported from the nearest primary or community health center.<br />
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A study by Galhotraet al in the year 2007 highlighted incidence of avoidable errors like uninterrupted power supply, in adequate number of exhaust fan, voltage stabilizers, etc. were the identified reasons for the errors and cited a room for improvement.<br />
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Use of thermo stable vaccines is on the anvil and is likely to change the dynamics in future.</div>
Hilleman Laboratorieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05020882543077131363noreply@blogger.com0